DELETE 
FROM
	`table_name` 
WHERE
    `image` IN (
    SELECT
        a.`image` 
    FROM
        (
        SELECT
            `image` 
        FROM
            `table_name` 
        GROUP BY
            `image` 
        HAVING
            COUNT( * ) > 1 
        ) a 
    ) 
    AND `id` NOT IN (
    SELECT
        b.`id` 
    FROM
        (
        SELECT
            min( `id` ) AS `id` 
        FROM
            `table_name` 
        GROUP BY
            `image` 
        ) b 
    )